When Samarkand was destroyed by the Mongol hordes, those who were not killed in the fighting fled to the East and West. Many reached only death in the desert. Famine, pestilence, the cruel horsemen of Mongolia destroyed many more: men, women and even children.
It is estimated that, apart from those who fell in battle, thirty million people were killed by the Khans who swore that they would wipe from the earth all who did not belong to their race.
Khwaja Anis, the dervish teacher at whose settlement in Afghanistan many refugees sought shelter, spoke to them thus:
‘You blame the Mongols. But your own habits and disunity have at least in part been responsible. This scourge has been, at least in part, called forth by the operation of your own folly, accumulating over the centuries.

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